通常安装MySQL都是通过yumapt-get或者源码的方式安装,但是这样安装毕竟比较麻烦,还容易受系统环境的影响导致出错,那么Docker就可以很好地将其与系统隔离,并且管理极其方便,尤其在同一台机器部署多个MySQL时非常之方便。

创建用户和用户组

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groupadd -g 521 mysql
useradd -g mysql -u 521 mysql

创建数据目录和配置文件

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mkdir -p /home/mysql/data
mkdir -p /home/mysql/conf

/home/mysql/conf中创建mysqld.cnf,并输入如下内容:

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#
# The MySQL database server configuration file.
#
# You can copy this to one of:
# - "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" to set global options,
# - "~/.my.cnf" to set user-specific options.
#
# One can use all long options that the program supports.
# Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with
# --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use.
#
# For explanations see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html

# This will be passed to all mysql clients
# It has been reported that passwords should be enclosed with ticks/quotes
# escpecially if they contain "#" chars...
# Remember to edit /etc/mysql/debian.cnf when changing the socket location.

# Here is entries for some specific programs
# The following values assume you have at least 32M ram
[client]
default-character-set=utf8

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld_safe]
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
nice = 0

[mysqld]
#
# * Basic Settings
#
user = mysql
pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port = 3306
basedir = /usr
datadir = /var/lib/mysql
tmpdir = /tmp
lc-messages-dir = /usr/share/mysql
skip-external-locking
init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci'
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci
#
# Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on
# localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure.
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
#
# * Fine Tuning
#
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 16M
thread_stack = 192K
thread_cache_size = 8
# This replaces the startup script and checks MyISAM tables if needed
# the first time they are touched
myisam-recover-options = BACKUP
#max_connections = 100
#table_cache = 64
#thread_concurrency = 10
#
# * Query Cache Configuration
#
query_cache_limit = 1M
query_cache_size = 16M
#
# * Logging and Replication
#
# Both location gets rotated by the cronjob.
# Be aware that this log type is a performance killer.
# As of 5.1 you can enable the log at runtime!
#general_log_file = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log
#general_log = 1
#
# Error log - should be very few entries.
#
log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log
#
# Here you can see queries with especially long duration
#log_slow_queries = /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log
#long_query_time = 2
#log-queries-not-using-indexes
#
# The following can be used as easy to replay backup logs or for replication.
# note: if you are setting up a replication slave, see README.Debian about
# other settings you may need to change.
#server-id = 1
#log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
expire_logs_days = 10
max_binlog_size = 100M
#binlog_do_db = include_database_name
#binlog_ignore_db = include_database_name
#
# * InnoDB
#
# InnoDB is enabled by default with a 10MB datafile in /var/lib/mysql/.
# Read the manual for more InnoDB related options. There are many!
#
# * Security Features
#
# Read the manual, too, if you want chroot!
# chroot = /var/lib/mysql/
#
# For generating SSL certificates I recommend the OpenSSL GUI "tinyca".
#
# ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/cacert.pem
# ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/server-cert.pem
# ssl-key=/etc/mysql/server-key.pem

配置文件内容也可以从镜像中拷贝出来进行修改。
先默认启动docker

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docker run --name test-mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123445 -d mysql:5.7

然后拷贝该容器的文件到物理机。

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docker cp 3c8d188f7fb48:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf /home/myql/conf

删除测试镜像

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docker stop 3c8d188f7fb48
docker rm 3c8d188f7fb48

拉取镜像

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docker pull mysql:5.7

运行MySQL

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docker run -d --restart always --name mysql -p 3306:3306 -v /home/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -v /home/mysql/conf/mysqld.cnf:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf -v /home/mysql/logs:/var/log/mysql -e "MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456" --user mysql --net=host --privileged=true mysql:5.7 

开启防火墙端口访问策略

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# 查看状态
firewall-cmd --state
# 将3306加入网络访问策略
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp
# 重新加载使其生效
firewall-cmd --reload